First mitogenome of subfamily Langiinae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) with its phylogenetic implications

• First mitogenome of subfamily Langiinae has been sequenced. All four currently recognized subfamilies were recovered as monophyletic. was the first to diverge within Sphingidae. Barbourion suggested be removed from Ambulycini, and placed in “Smerinthinae incertae sedis”. To date, a relatively complete classification Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) generated, but phylogeny family remains need fully resolved. Some phylogenetic relationships still uncertain, especially taxonomic status its sole included genus species, Langia zenzeroides . begin address this problem, we generated nine new mitochondrial genomes, including that , together with Theretra oldenlandiae our previous study 25 other mitogenomes downloaded GenBank, analyzed investigated mitogenomic differences among members Langiinae, Sphinginae, Smerinthinae Macroglossinae. The varied 14995 bp 15669 length. gene order all newly sequenced identical, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA 22 transfer genes A + T-rich region. Nucleotide composition T biased, exhibited positive AT-skew, which reflected nucleotide composition, codon, amino acid usage. region comprised nonrepetitive sequences, contained regulatory elements related control replication transcription. We concatenated third codon positions protein coding rRNAs excluded, using Maximum Likelihood Bayesian Inference techniques. monophyletic contrast most recent studies, preferred tree rather sister Sphinginae. Our results also support removal smerinthine tribe Ambulycini an unresolved position